中国中西医结合影像学杂志   2020, Vol. 18 Issue (3): 275-277
0
个体化对比剂注射方案提高冠状动脉造影CT值均匀性及减少对比剂用量的研究[PDF全文]
万祥慧 , 李钊 , 段玉婷
山东省聊城市人民医院CT室,山东 聊城 252000
摘要目的: 探讨冠状动脉CTA检查中,个体化对比剂注射方案与固定对比剂注射方案对冠状动脉CT值的影响。方法: 前瞻性纳入临床拟行冠状动脉CTA检查的200例患者,体质量均≤80 kg,随机分为A、B 2组,各100例,使用对比剂碘帕醇(碘浓度370 mg/mL)。A组采用个体化对比剂注射方案,剂量0.85 mL/kg体质量,注射时间12 s,流率为注射总量除以注射时间。B组采用恒速恒量的注射方案,即对比剂均为70 mL,注射流率5.0 mL/s。A组和B组按照患者体质量各分为2组:A1、B1组(< 66 kg,n=50),A2、B2组(66~80 kg,n=50)。测量图像的主动脉根部CT值、噪声(SD值),记录对比剂剂量,并行单因素方差分析和t检验。结果: 升主动脉根部强化后CT值A、B组比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001);A1、A2组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.518),B1组高于B2组(P=0.028);A1组低于B1组(P < 0.001),A2组与B2组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.226)。对比剂剂量A1组低于B1组(P < 0.001),A2组低于B2组(P < 0.001)。2组的图像噪声(SD值)比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论: 采用个体化对比剂注射方案行冠状动脉CTA,在保证冠状动脉CT值的情况下,可明显减少低体质量患者的对比剂剂量,且CT值分布较均匀,不会因体质量变化而明显变化,优于对比剂固定注射方案。
关键词冠状动脉造影术    造影剂    CT值    
Improved CT value uniformity and reduced contrast medium dose by using an individualized contrast medium injection protocol in coronary CTA
WAN Xianghui , LI Zhao , DUAN Yuting
Division of CT, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
Abstract: Objective: To investigate whether an individualized contrast medium injection protocol based on patients' weight can improve CT value uniformity and reduce the contrast medium dose in coronary CTA, compared with a fixed injection protocol. Methods: 200 patients who underwent coronary CTA with the use of contrast agent iopamidol (370 mgI/mL) were prospectively randomized into two groups. 100 cases in Group A received an individualized injection protocol with dosage of 0.85 mL/kg, an injection duration of 12 s. 100 cases in Group B followed a fixed protocol with dosage of 70 mL and injection rate 5.0 mL/s. For both groups, patients were further averagely divided into two subgroups according to their weight, Group A1 and B1 with body weight less than 66 kg; Group A2 and B2 with body weight of 66~80 kg. The CT value of ascending aorta and image noise were measured in each patient, and the total contrast medium dose was analyzed. Results: The enhanced CT value of the root of ascending aorta in Group A had a significant difference with that in Group B (P < 0.001), and the CT values had no differences between Group A1 and A2, between Group A2 and B2 (both P > 0.05), and the CT value of Group B1 was significantly higher than that in Group B2 and A1 (both P < 0.05). The contrast medium dose in Group A1 was significantly reduced than that in Group B1, and the contrast medium dose in Group A2 was significantly reduced than that in Group B2 (both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in image noise between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the fixed injection protocol, the individualized contrast medium injection protocol could improve the CT value uniformity among patients with different weight, and significantly reduce the dosage of contrast medium especially for patients of light weight.
Key words: Coronary angiography    Contrast medium    CT value    

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)是心血管疾病常见的死亡病因。随着CT技术的发展,冠状动脉CTA因具有可靠、安全、经济、无创、准确的优势,已成为冠心病筛查的主要手段[1-2]。GE Revolution CT的问世,以“更宽、更快、更低”的特点,为降低冠心病患者对比剂用量提供了可能性。本研究在行冠状动脉CTA时根据体质量计算对比剂剂量,并与固定剂量进行比较,探讨冠状动脉CTA采用个体化对比剂注射方案的可行性及优势。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

前瞻性选择2016年12月在我院行冠状动脉CTA检查的患者200例,体质量均≤80 kg;分为A、B 2组:A组男40例,女60例;年龄39~85岁,平均(60.28±3.45)岁。B组男51例,女49例;年龄34~77岁,平均(57.78±4.23)岁。A组和B组均按体质量分为2组:A1、B1组(< 66 kg,n=50),A2、B2组(66~80 kg,n=50)。所有患者肾功能均无异常,均无碘过敏史。

1.2 仪器与方法

200例采用Revolution CT行前瞻性心电门控扫描。扫描参数:120 kV,选择适应患者体型的智能mA;根据心脏大小采用120、140、160 mm探测器行轴位扫描,球管转速0.28 s。对比剂使用碘帕醇(碘浓度370 mg/mL),采用欧利奇高压注射器,封闭式20G套管针埋于肘前静脉,经肘静脉团注;A组对比剂剂量为0.85 mL/kg体质量,注射时间12 s,后以相同流率注射生理盐水30 mL;B组注射对比剂70 mL,流率5.0 mL/s,后以相同流率注射生理盐水40 mL。采用智能跟踪触发技术,CT值达到80 HU延迟8.9 s扫描。根据患者心率,自动选择采集期相。

1.3 图像重建及分析

图像行ASIR-V50%重建,层厚0.625 mm。将原始数据传到GE AW 4.6工作站选择Cardiac软件进行数值测量:测量左冠状动脉发出水平的升主动脉根部强化后CT值及标准差(SD,作为图像的噪声),ROI尽可能大(避开钙化灶及斑块);记录对比剂剂量。

1.4 统计学分析

采用SPSS 16.0软件行统计学分析,比较各组图像的CT值、噪声(SD值)、对比剂剂量,以x±s表示。采用两独立样本t检验及方差分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

对比剂剂量A1组明显低于B1组(t=27.517,P < 0.001),A2组低于B2组(t=32.296,P < 0.001)。注射流率A1组小于B1组(t=1.875,P < 0.001),A2组大于B2组(t=-1.672,P=0.003)。

升主动脉根部强化后CT值A组和B组分别为(396.32±48.18)、(424.62±70.94)HU,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t=1.326,P < 0.001),A1、A2组比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.362,P=0.518),B1组高于B2组(t=5.511,P=0.028);A1组低于B1组(t=-4.276,P < 0.001),A2组与B2组比较差异无统计学意义(t= -1.21,P=0.226)。图像噪声(SD值)A组与B组比较,差异无统计学意义(A1组与B1组相比,t=-3.562,P=0.548;A2组与B2组相比,t=-1.672,P=0.262)(表 1)。

表 1 4组注射方案、CT值及图像噪声对比(x±s

3 讨论

冠状动脉CTA作为无创检测冠心病的手段,已在临床得到广泛应用。随着其应用的增多,对比剂肾病已成为引起急性肾功能不全的主要原因,开始引起人们的关注[3-5],但药物预防该病的作用不大,仅有通过减少对比剂用量来预防该病[6-7]。随着CT技术的发展,特别是扫描速度的提高和探测器宽度的增加,冠状动脉CTA扫描时间明显缩短。本研究应用的GE Revolution CT,转速0.28 s/r、探测器宽16 cm,最短可在0.3 s内完成冠状动脉CTA检查,允许更短的强化峰值持续时间,即强化平台期,为低剂量对比剂的应用提供了保障,本研究选择的对比剂注射时间是12 s[2]

研究[8-9]表明,冠状动脉CTA目标血管管腔内的CT值大于250~300 HU较理想,过高则影响钙化斑块显示及血管狭窄程度判断,过低血管边缘锐利度不够,血管边缘模糊,不利于狭窄程度及软硬斑块等细节显示。栾贻新等[10-11]研究表明,冠状动脉近远端血管CT值有轻微衰减,本研究大部分主动脉根部CT值为300~500 HU,理论上可保证冠状动脉远端的对比剂浓度,有利于冠状动脉狭窄程度及远端血管情况的诊断,如CT值较高对钙化造成掩盖,可用调节窗宽窗位解决。为避免对比剂混合不匀引起的密度差别,主动脉根部CT值测量时ROI应尽可能大[12],以减少人工测量误差。

冠状动脉CTA血管内对比剂浓度的影响因素主要有体质量、心功能、心率等[5, 13]。对比剂剂量根据患者体质量计算[14],既能避免体质量较小患者的对比剂剂量过剩,造成肾脏负担,又能保证肥胖患者对比剂的碘浓度。由于套管针及血管的最大承受流率为5.5 mL/s,本研究选择患者体质量均≤80 kg,且A、B 2组体质量差异无统计学意义。A组对比剂剂量为0.85 mL/kg体质量,注射时间12 s,与B组对比剂剂量70 mL、注射流率5.0 mL/s比较,对比剂剂量明显降低,减少了对比剂肾病的发生,CT值也较稳定,图像噪声无明显差异。

本研究少部分患者主动脉CT值低于300 HU,分析其主要原因:①患者心输出量低,主动脉CT值达峰时间长,扫描时间易落在平台期之前,导致CT值低。②心率快、心功能正常的患者,心脏排空速度快,对比剂稀释度较大,且扫描时间易落在平台期之后;心率快、心功能差的患者,心输出量降低,扫描时间可能会落到平台期之前,对比剂浓聚不好,CT值较低,对于此类患者,需改变对比剂注射方案。

参考文献
[1]
DEWEY M, ZIMMERMANN E, DEISSENRIEDER F, et al. Noninvasive coronary angiography by 320-row computed tomography with lower radiation exposure and maintained diagnostic accuracy:comparison of results with cardiac catheterization in a headtohead pilot investigation[J]. Circulation, 2009, 120(10): 867-875. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.859280
[2]
ABBARA S, BLANKE P, MAROULES C D, et al. SCCT guidelines for the performance and acquisition of coronary computed tomographic angiography:a report of the society of cardiovascular computed tomography guidelines committee:endorsed by the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI)[J]. Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 2016, 10(6): 435-449. DOI:10.1016/j.jcct.2016.10.002
[3]
ZHAO Y, TAO Z, XU Z, et al. Toxic effects of a high dose of non-ionic iodinated contrast media on renal glomerular and aortic endothelial cells in aged rats in vivo[J]. Toxicol Lett, 2011, 202(3): 253-260. DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.02.011
[4]
MAFFEI E, PALUMBO A A, MARTINI C, et al. "In-house" pharmacological management for computed tomography coronary angiography:heart rate reduction, timing and safety of different drugs used during patient preparation[J]. Eur Radiol, 2009, 19(12): 2931-2940. DOI:10.1007/s00330-009-1509-0
[5]
綦维维, 武靖, 杜湘珂, 等. 64层螺旋CT心脏冠状动脉检查质量控制和扫描参数优化研究[J]. 中华放射学杂志, 2006, 40(12): 1322-1325. DOI:10.3760/j.issn:1005-1201.2006.12.023
[6]
PAN Y N, Li A J, CHEN X M, et al. Coronary computed tomographic angiography at low concentration of contrast agent and low tube voltage in patients with obesity:a feasibility study[J]. Acad Radiol, 2016, 23(4): 438-445. DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2015.12.007
[7]
张惠英, 陈伟彬, 马春梅, 等. 初步探讨不同扫描触发廟值技术在CT冠状动脉成像中的应用价值[J]. 临床放射学杂志, 2014, 33(3): 445-449.
[8]
WANG R, SCHOEPF U J, WU R, et al. Image quality and radiation dose of low dose coronary CT angiography in obese patients:sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction versus filtered back projection[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(11): 3141-3145. DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.04.012
[9]
YANG W J, CHEN K M, LIU B, et al. Contrast media volume optimization in high-pitch dual-source CT coronary angiography: feasibility study[J]. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2013, 29(1): 245-252. DOI:10.1007/s10554-012-0068-7
[10]
栾贻新, 张玉敏, 巴照贵, 等. 低对比剂剂量、低管电压冠状动脉CTA在BMI > 25 kg/m2患者中的应用[J]. 中国中西医结合影像学杂志, 2016, 14(4): 433-436. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0512.2016.04.021
[11]
巴照贵. "双低"冠状动脉CTA诊断冠心病的临床应用价值[D].济南: 山东大学, 2015.
[12]
WU Q, WANG Y, KAI H, et al. Application of 80-kVp tube volt age, low-concentration contrast agent and iterative reconstruction in coronary CT angiography:evaluation of image quality and ra diation dose[J]. Int J Clin Pract, 2016, 70(suppl 9B): B50-B55.
[13]
朱晓梅, 王德杭, 刘希胜, 等. 对比剂到达腹主动脉的峰值时间与影响因素[J]. 医学影像学杂志, 2006, 16(12): 1280-1283. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9011.2006.12.013
[14]
NAKAURA T, AWAI K, YAUAGA Y, et al. Contrast injection protocol computed tomography using a 64-detector scanner:com parison between patient weight-adjusted and fixed iodine-dose protocols[J]. Invest Radiol, 2008, 43(7): 512-519. DOI:10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181727505